Annotation Summary for “Barriers/constraints for women’s equitable care by intersectional categories”
The Articles(Background)
The articles focus on the challenges womens face in the household life cycle by intersectional categories, such as locations(rural-urban ). All the articles explored the division of labour in the household and how that affects womens in their lives, it is found that men and women divide the work at home depending on social structures, household income, and geographic locations. However, domestic work and unpaid labour were typically seen as the domain of women. Due to a number of interrelated issues, including the insufficiency of secondary schools, restrictive gender norms, and a lack of employment opportunities beyond education, many rural girls do not complete a full cycle of primary education and move on to secondary education. A number of social and cultural factors determine the extent of women’s involvement in various activities which is different from that of the men. The traditional sexual division of labour confined women to domestic labour, including the entire range of food preparation, fetching water, collecting fuel-wood and caring for the family.
Main Findings
- Unpaid caregiving is a time and energy-intensive occupation that prevents women from entering the workforce, forcing them into low-paying and insecure employment.
- The pattern in the gender division of labour in Ethiopia is that men predominate in the production of goods and services and/or wage labour where income can be earned while women are primarily restricted to routine domestic and caring tasks.
- Girls and women, particularly in rural areas, were less likely to spend time on non-productive or leisure activities.
- The majority of social interactions are dominated by patriarchy; the division of household duties, including attitudes toward family roles, are characterised by unequal sex and family role distributions and biassed gendered attitudes that disadvantage women.
Conclusion and Recommendations
Unpaid care responsibilities cost women more than just time as the impacts are also reflected in lower income.
To better meet the barriers and constraints of women, governments and development partners should work together to s
- Shape social protection policies that adopt a more integrated, multi-generational approach
- Ensuring maternal labour market participation is essential for achieving the planned development
- Ensure balanced population and economic growth, for instance by reducing fertility.