The Challenges of Women Leaders of Business Organizations in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in Balancing Work-Family Responsibilities Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in Balancing Work-Family Responsibilities

Abeba, B.B. and Mengistu, B. (2018) ‘The Challenges of Women Leaders of Business Organizations in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in Balancing Work-Family Responsibilities Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in Balancing Work-Family Responsibilities’, Journal of International Women’s Studies, 19(2), pp. 140–158.

The study began by providing background facts regarding women in Ethiopia. The article presented the CSA (2013) report, which depicts 46% and 26% of employees and managerial positions held by women, respectively. The status of women in leadership has been increasing as there is an increase in formal education and the government’s quota system encourages women to assume leadership positions.  Showing the incremental progress in women’s leadership roles in Ethiopia, the study demonstrates that women are still struggling to balance work and life responsibilities. 

The objective of the study is to uncover the challenges faced by women assuming leadership roles in business organizations regarding their work and family responsibilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study used a qualitative phenomenological research design. While primary data was collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews, secondary data was also gathered from published articles. A study interviewed eight willing female leaders, ranging from CEOs to managers.  

The findings revealed four organizational factors. Firstly, the workload affects the work-life balance of the leaders, as workloads and busy schedules coupled with family and kids create an unhappy family and cause them not to pursue education. Another respondent did not get married but focused on her career development. The finding shows that there is a compromise in life choices. Secondly, the organization’s culture influences when meetings are scheduled after working hours. Thirdly, gender stereotypes are also factors. Women leaders are forced to work hard to prove their capability and leadership. Fourthly, all the respondents except one said that no particular policy targets or clearly specifies the work-life balance issue for women.

Regarding social factors, the first indicator is social and community responsibilities. Most respondents said they fulfilled all the responsibilities. The second indicator is assistance from family. Most of the respondents said that they had great support from their spouses.  The third indicator is the pressure of social expectations. The culture requires women to engage in social activities. Regarding individual factors, the first indicator is behavior and style of communication. Most of the respondents are unable to say no and are too obedient to their bosses due to their childhood upbringing and social constructs. The third indicator is the perception of responsibilities. Most respondents feel like they have to be efficient and effective in their work, family matters, and social commitments.  

 The study recommends the government adopt a family-friendly policy. The organization should assign a reasonable workload to female leaders and employees. Parents should work on their children’s awareness. Families and schools should educate children about gender equality.